Evidence for an Aspherical Population III Supernova Explosion Inferred from the Hyper-metal-poor Star HE 1327-2326

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Abstract

We present observational evidence that an aspherical supernova explosion could have occurred in the first stars in the early universe. Our results are based on the first determination of a Zn abundance in a Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph high-resolution UV spectrum of a hyper-metal-poor (HMP) star, HE 1327-2326, with {{[Fe/H]}}({NLTE})=-5.2. We determine [Zn/Fe] = 0.80 ± 0.25 from a UV Zn I line at 2138 Å, detected at 3.4σ. Yields of a 25 M _☉ aspherical supernova model with artificially modified densities exploding with E = 5 × 10⁵¹ erg best match the entire abundance pattern of HE 1327-2326. Such high-entropy hypernova explosions are expected to produce bipolar outflows, which could facilitate the external enrichment of small neighboring galaxies. This has already been predicted by theoretical studies of the earliest star-forming minihalos. Such a scenario would have significant implications for the chemical enrichment across the early universe, as HMP carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars such as HE 1327-2326 might have formed in such externally enriched environments.

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Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA) under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with program GO-14151.

• Galaxy: halo;
• stars: abundances;
• stars: individual: HE 1327-2326;
• stars: Population II;
• stars: Population III;
• supernovae: general;
• Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics